Social Science Geo Chapter Earth's Variable Grocery (notebook exercise)

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Earth’s Variable Grocery

New Words

1.      Bagasse

2.      Biodegradable

3.      Coagulation

4.      Drought

5.      Elasticity

6.      Fodder

7.      Manufacturing

8.      Molasses

9.      Resistant

10.   Retentive

11.   Revenue

12.   Staple

13.   Stimulant

14.   Synthetic

15.   Vulcanizing

16.   Vulnerable

Q.4. Answer the following questions in 10 to 20 words.

a) what are drought resistant crops?

Ans) They are short duration warm weather crops that grow well in dry zones as rain-fed crops, under marginal conditions of soil fertility and moisture. They are also known as drought resistant crops because of their ability to grow in driest conditions.

b) Write various uses of maize?

Ans)

·        It is used as fodder for poultry animals, horses etc.

·        It is also used to make industrial alcohol.

·         Maize stalk is used to make rayon, plastics, paper and wall boards etc.

c) Name two crops that require standing water?

Ans) Rice and Maize.

d) Name two crops that come from the grass family?

Ans) Rice and wheat.

e) The word Staple has been used twice in the chapter. Write down its meaning.

Ans) A staple food is a food that is eaten routinely and such quantities that it constitutes a dominant  portion of standard diet for a given people, supplying a large fraction of energy needs and generally forming a significant proportion of the intake of the other nutrients as well.

Q.5. Answer the following questions in 50 to 70 words.

a) Write a comparative study of tea and coffee plant.

Ans)

Tea Plant	Coffee Plant
1.      Tea plant is a universally drunk beverage crop. It is native to china.	1.      Coffee plant is the most popular drink of the world and is native to Ethiopia.
2.      They are planted in straight rows 1.5 m apart with shady trees between them.	2.      They are planted 3 metres apart for rapid growth.
3.      It is a labour intensive industry	3.      It is a labour as well as capital intensive industry
4.      Tea is processed in factories located within the tea gardens to retain its flavor and colour. Tea gardens that have processing factories within them are called the tea estates.	4.      The seeds of the berries are processed to make coffee.
5.      Tea is extracted from the leaves of the Tea plant.	5.      Coffee powder is obtained from two seeds of the berries
6.      There are two types of tea leaves Assam type with large leaves and china type with small leaves.	6.      There are several varieties of coffee such as Arabica, Robusta and Liberica.

                                                                                                                                 

B) What is meant by paddy transplantation?

Ans) Paddy transplantion is a process of moving a fully germinated seedling (or mature plant) and replanting it in the field which can be obtained from good rainfall or excellent irrigation facilities. Paddy grown in river basins, deltas and coastal plains is called lowland rice. The ones that is grown in hill slopes is known as upland rice.

Preparation of field with 2.5 cm of standing water and preparation of paddy seedlings in nursery (seed to saplings) which leads to transplantation of saplings, then harvesting, threshing, winnowing, milling and finally we get rice.

c) Write about the processing of Rubber?

Ans) Rubber is an equatorial crop that requires hot and humid climate and grows well in tropical and subtropical areas. It is obtained from the sap or latex of the rubber tree. It is then processed to make various products such as tyres, tubes and insulating materials.

Processing from raw material to product (latex to rubber sheet)

1.      Tapping of latex

2.      Coagulation of latex

3.      Pressing of latex into rubber sheet

4.      Leaching

5.      Vulcanizing

6.      Moulding

7.      Product

d) What are the various uses of Jute?

Ans) Jute is famously known as the ‘golden fibre’ because of the golden colour it acquires when it becomes ripe. Jute is a tall reed like plant which grows the height of 3 to 3.7 meters. It is the most versatile natural, fibre which can be converted into many products such as ropes, mats, gunny bags, packaging, textile and non textile products and as lining in construction project. It is hundred percent biodegradable and recyclable. It the cheapest and the stronges fibre which can be dyed, but not easily bleached.

Q.6. Give Reasons.

1. Some food crops are also called as cash crops.

Ans) There are certain food crops which are included in cash crops, as they give more revenue when they become the final product.

2. Millets are important cereals.

Ans) It is estimated that about 80 percent of the world’s millet (and over 95 percent in Asia and Africa) is used as food as they are high on nutrition and fibre content. For eg. Ragi is rich in iron, calcium and roughage. The remainder divided between feed (07 percent), other uses seed, beer etc. and waste. Some of them also have their commercial values, like Barley, which is used to make beer and whisky so millets are considered to be an important cereal.

3. Tall plants are grown in the tea estates.

Ans) The tea bushes are planted in straight rows 1.5 metres apart with shady trees between them as It cannot tolerate stagnant water, direct and strong sunlight or strong winds, Thus tall plants are grown in the tea estates.

4. Coffee is grown on hill slopes.

Ans) Coffee plantations are grown on hill slopes because they need evenly distributed rainfall throughout the year, but no standing water. Rainfall drains from the hill slopes and there is no water collected. Coffee grow well on well drained loamy soils which are mostly on slopes of hills.

Q.9 Differentiate between the following.

a)

Cotton	Jute
1.      Cotton is of white colour obtained from the seed hair which is used to make fibre.	1.      It is famously known as the ‘golden fibre’ because of the golden colour it acquires when it becomes ripe
2.      Alluvial and black soil are best suited for cotton plants.	2.      It grows best in well drained sandy loam.
3.      It is the main raw material for the cotton textile industry.	3.      It is the most versatile natural fibre which can be converted into many products such as ropes, mats, gunny bags, packaging, textile and non textile products and is also used as lining in construction project.
4.      It can be dyed as well as easily bleached.	4.      It is the cheapest and the strongest fibre which can be dyed, but not easily bleached.
5.      It grows in tropical area	5.      It grows in tropical, sub- tropical
6.      Needs flat land and deltaic plains to grow.	6.      Needs plateaus and uneven plains
7.      It requires rainfall over 100 cm	7.      It requires rainfall over 55-100 cm
8.      Leading producers of cotton in the world are India, USA, China, Pakistan, Brazil, Uzbekistan and Egypt.	8.      Leading producers of Jute in the world are India, Bangladesh, China, Thailand, Myanmar and Brazil.
9.      Leading producers of cotton in India are Gujarat, Maharashtra, Madhya Pradesh, Tamil Nadu, Karnataka.	9.      West Bengal, Assam, Bihar and Odisha.

b)

Wheat	Rice
1.      Wheat is a staple diet of large part of the world.	1.      Rice is the major food crop of about 50% of the world’s population.
2.      It is said to have originated from Middle East or Asia Minor	2.      It is said to have originated from China or India
3.      It requires moist and frost free weather during its growth and dry weather during its harvest.	3.      It requires standing water in the field to grow, which can be obtained from good rainfall or excellent irrigation facilities.
4.      USA is known as the wheat basket of the world because it is the largest exporter of wheat.	4.      Thailand and Myanmar are known as the ‘Rice bowl of Asia’.
5.      Wheat grows in temperate and dry subtropical grasslands.	5.      Rice grows in tropical and subtropical.
6.      It requires uneven plain	6.      It requires alluvial delta and river basin.
7.      Temperature required to grow is 15 to 20 degree Celsius.	7.      Temperature required to grow is 20 to 27 degree Celsius.
8.      It requires Clayey, loamy and black soil.	8.      It requires clayey, loamy and alluvial soil.
9.      It requires rainfall upto 30-80 cm.	9. It requires annual rainfall upto 175 to 300 cm.

Q. 10 Write the geographical conditions required for the following plants.

Crops	Soil	Temperature	Rainfall
Rubber	Poor, well drained acidic soil	20 degree to 37 degree Celsius	200 cm
Sugarcane	Loamy, alluvial, black, laterite soil	20 degree to 37 degree Celsius	150 cm
Cotton	Black soil	20 degree to 27 degree Celsius	55 – 100 cm

Q. 11 Define the following terms.

a. food crops : Food crops are those crops which are meant for human consumption.          

b. Cash crops:- Crops that are meant to earn revenue besides being a food crop are called cash crops.

c. Cereals:- Cereals is a collective term given to all kinds of grass such as plants which have starchy edible seeds.

d. Millets:- Millet is the collective name given to various coarse grains such as Jawar, Bajra etc.       

c. Fibre Crops:- Crops that are used to make textiles are called fibre crops.

e. Beverages:- A crop that provides a type of drink is called a beverage crop.

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