History ch 11- Struggle for India's Independence (Extra questions)

History ch 11- Struggle for India's Independence (Extra questions)

1. List any two things introduced by the British in India that helped the rise of nationalism.Better communication, modern transport, western education.

2.  Name any two important political associations that helped spread political sprint amongst the masses.Indian Association, Bombay Presidency Association, Mahajan Sabha of Madras and Poona Sarvajanik Sabha.

3.  Name any two early nationalist.Pherozeshah Mehta, Dadabhai Naoroji, Gopalkrishna Gokhale and Surendra Nath Banerjee.

4. How were the assertive nationalists different from the early nationalists?They were of the belief that the Early Nationalists did not connect themselves with the masses or the youth. They believed in a more aggressive approach to be free from the oppressive policies of the British.

5.  How was the partition of Bengal a part of the Divide and Rule policy of theBritish?The partition aimed to divide the Hindus and Muslims in Bengal along communal lines in an effort to weaken the national movement.

6. What was the idea of the Swadeshi movement?Boycott foreign goods and institutions, use of indigenous goods, self-reliance.

7. Why was the Lucknow Pact an important development between 1905 and 1919?The historic Lucknow Pact signed in 1916 between the Congress and the Muslim League and the two organisations decided to work together towards achieving the goal of self-government.

8. Why is the second phase of the Indian National Movement also called the Gandhian era?The second phase of the National Movement also called the Gandhian era because Having worked as a lawyer in South Africa for twenty years, he fought against racial discrimination meted out to the Indians there. Gandhiji himself faced racial discrimination on numerous occasions. Gandhiji evolved a technique of civil disobedience or passive struggle which he termed as Satyagraha. His efforts were successful in South Africa and this prompted him to free India from the British rule.

9. What did the Satygraha Sabha urge the people to do related to the Rowlatt Act?
The Rowlatt Act of 1919 prompted Gandhiji to call for a nationwide protest against the Act. The political leaders criticised the Act and called it a ‘Black Act’. Gandhiji organised a Satyagraha Sabha and urged the people to protest non-violently against this Act.

10. Who ordered the troops to fire against the people gathered in Jallianwala Bagh?

British Indian Army under the command of Colonel Reginald Dyer.

•Boycott and burned  foreign goods, clothes

11. List the leaders of the Khilafat movement.

Gandhiji, Motilal Nehru, Lala Lajpat Rai,Maulana Muhammad Ali, Shaukat Ali, Maulana Abdul Kalam Azad, Hasrat Mohani and Dr. Mukhtar Ahmad Ansari, etc 

12. List the main features of the non-cooperation movement.  
•Many gave up their law practices
•Thousand left foreign schools, colleges
•Picketing of shops selling foreign goods
•People started using charkha, khadi
•Resigned government jobs
•Non violent hartals, processions

13. Why was the Simon Commission greeted with black flags and the slogan of ‘Simon go back’?
Boycott of the Simon Commission which was sent to make changes to the structure of the Indian Government. As the Commission did not include any Indian and was not ready to accept the demand for Purna Swaraj, Indians boycotted the Commission and posters of ‘Simon Go Back’ were seen in many places.

14. List any two main features of the Nehru Report.
i) It proposed dominon status for India.  
ii) It rejected the system of communal electorates.

15. What was the technique used by Gandhiji as a way of protest against the British?
Civil disobedience/ passive struggle/satyagraha 

16. How did people react to Gandhiji’s call of non-cooperation?
People boycotted foreign goods, schools, cloth etc, started using the charkha and the khadi cloth, resigned from government jobs, took part in non-violent hartals and processions.

17. List some other important events from 1922 to 29.
Boycott of Simon Commission, acceptance of Purna Swaraj, involvement of famous revolutionaries like Bhagat Singh.

18. What Gandhiji do to indicate the start of the Civil Disobedience Movement?
The Indian flag was first hoisted on December 31, 1929. The Congress decided to launch a Civil Disobedience Movement in 1930 as their demand for independence was not agreed upon by the British. On January 26, 1930 public meetings were held and the Independence Pledge was read out to the people. Gandhiji decided to start the Civil Disobedience Movement by breaking a law that concerned people of all religions and economic status, whether rich or poor. Gandhiji decided to break the Salt Law which only allowed the British to manufacture salt.

19. What is the Gandhi-Irwin Pact?
The Gandhi–Irwin Pact was a political agreement signed by Mahatma Gandhi and the then Viceroy of India, Lord Irwin on 5 March 1931 before the second Round Table Conference in London.

20. What did the Indian political leaders hope about the Governemnt of India Act, 1935?
 The Government of India Act 1935, granted provincial autonomy and setting up of a bicameral legislature at the Centre.

21. Why was the Cripp’s Mission not accepted by the Indian leaders?
World War II broke out in 1939 when Poland was attacked by Germany. The Congress and Gandhiji decided that India could not support Britain in the Second World War as it was fought for freedom whereas their freedom was denied by the same people they were asked to support. The Congress agreed to support only if Britain agreed to free India. When the Congress did not get a positive answer from the British, the Congress ministries resigned from the government in protest.

22. What was the slogan of the Quit India Movement?
 Do or die' (Karo Ya Maro) - 'Quit India' (Bharat Chhoro) This call was given by the Congress Working Committee while launching the Quit India movement on August 8, 1942. Millions of Congress workers went to jail in the final phase of our freedom struggle.

23.  What was the most popular slogan of Subhash Chandra Bose?
'You give me blood and I will give you freedom' was one of Subash Chandra Bose most Popular Slogan.

24. Which date decided for the transfer of power from the British to the Indians according to the Mountbatten Plan?
It was decided that August 15, 1947 would be the date to transfer power.

25. What was the situation of India during partition?
The Indian state of East Punjab was created in 1947, when the Partition of India split the former British province of Punjab between India and Pakistan. The mostly Muslim western part of the province became Pakistan's Punjab province; the mostly Sikh and Hindu eastern part became India's East Punjab state.

26.  Name the foreign powers that ruled Indonesia in the late 19th century.
The Portuguese, the British and the Dutch.

27. Who played key role in the formation of Indian National Congress?

Allan Octavian Hume played a key role in the formation of Indian National Congress.

28. Why was the Rowlatt Act criticized strongly by people? 

Rowlatt Act was criticized by people because it curtailed the basic fundamental rights such as freedom of speech and expression.

29. ‘Civil Disobedience Movement was the first mass freedom movement in India in the true sense.’ Justify your answer giving reasons. 

People from all communities and classes joined the movement. Peasants, women, students, youth and even the tribals took part in the movement. Workers went on strikes, students left government schools and colleges, people refused to pay taxes. For the first time, people united for the cause of Independence and hence it became the first mass freedom movement in India in the true sense.