Social science Geo chapter Generated resources (notebook exercise)


Generated Resources
New words
1.      Collaboration
2.      Components
3.      Cottage
4.      Hazardous
5.      Industrialization
6.      Manufacturing
7.      Perishable
8.      Processing
9.      Subsidies
10.   Sustained

Q.5 Answer the following questions in 10 to 20 words.

a) What is an Industrial Estate?
Ans) Industrial estate is an area of planned industrial development located away from the city, equipped with services such as banks, parking, and good public transport facilities.

b) Iron and steel Industry is called Basic Industry?
Ans) Iron and steel industry is called a basic industry because its finished products are used as a raw material for other industries.

c) What are the Characteristics of manufacturing Industries?
Ans)  1. It is a secondary economic activity.
2. It adds value to raw material and makes it useful.
3. It gives employment to the people.
4. It increases the pace of economy by constant production.

d) What is a consumer industry?
Ans) Consumer industries are those industries whose finished products are used by consumers.

e) What is an ancillary industry?
Ans) Industries whose products are used as components to manufacture other finished product is known as ancillary industry.

Q.6) Answer the following questions in 50 to 70 words.

a) Trace the changes in the pattern of manufacturing process that took place because of industrial revolution.
Ans) 1. Industrial revolution started in the 18th century in Great Britain and soon spread to Europe and North America.
2. It was the term given to the new phase of manufacturing when hand production shifted to machine production.
3. Production by manual labour shifted first to water driven and then power driven machines. The source of fuel shifted from wood to biofuels such as coal, etc.
4. The invention of making steel enabled manufacturing of various machines which, in turn, made possible mechanized mass production, successfully replacing the goods made through domestic production.
5. Fast economy replaced the slower one, and gave sustained income.
6. It increased the standard of living of the people.
7. Today, we live in the age of modern industrialization dominated by more complex, versatile and automated machines.
8. Industrial revolution also brought its set of problems such as pollution and depletion of resources.
9. Industrial development in India started in 1854 with the establishment of the cotton textile industry in Mumbai.
10.Soon after Jute textile industry was set up near Risra in Kolkata in 1855. The period between the First and the Second World war saw the establishment of many industries such as steel, sugar, cement, glass, chemical, soap, vegetable oil, engineering industries, etc.
11. Planned development in industries started with implementation of Five year plans, after Independence.

Q. b) Explain in brief the factors influencing location of industries.
Ans) The location of an industry depends on a number of factors. Industries are located at points where all the factors together provide minimum production cost. Locations are selected after many deliberations on geographical, historical, economic, human and political factors.
Geographical factors
Climate: Industries are located in the regions with moderate climate.
Water supply: Industries such as iron and steel, paper, food, leather and textile need large quantities of water for various processes such as cooling, washing etc.
Land: Factories are generally located on the outskirts of the city because of availability of large areas required for their construction. This is also safe considering the fact that most industries may cause pollution and some of them handle hazardous raw material and products.
Availability of Raw Material: Assured and regular supply of raw material in essential for industries. Industries using weight loosing (sugar cane), and bulky (cotton) raw material are generally located close to the raw material to reduce the cost of transportation.
Power: Industries such as the aluminium industry using high amount of electricity are located near the source of power.
Human Factors
Labour: Industries require skilled or unskilled human force for intellectual or manual work.
Market: Proximity to the market is essential for industries to sell their products. It is especially important for industries with perishable and fragile products. Bulky goods are also located close to the market to avoid the high cost of transportation.
Transport: An efficient and cheap transport network is necessary to carry raw materials to the factories and finished products to the markets.
Capital: All industries require capital to start and later for operation. Places where capital is easily available will naturally attract more industries, especially, capital intensive industries.
Political Factors
Development of modern industries needs the support of the government. Government makes policies to develop backward areas of the state or of the country.  
c) Explain the significance of manufacturing industries.
·        Manuacturing is closely related to other occupations such as agriculture since the later provides it with raw materials and is also its biggest market.
·        Manufacturing industries also influences the economy of a country as it gives employment to people and removes poverty.
·        Manufacturing contributes to the gross income of the country by manufacturing goods for domenstic market or export which helps in earning the foreign income.
·        It also improves the social life of people by providing them with various consumer goods, better healthcare facilities, banking, education etc.
·        Right from a safety pins to automobiles, all items of use in our daily life come from manufacturing industry.

d)  Why is industry called a system?
·        Industry is a system of manufacturing consisting of inputs, processes and outputs.
·         Outputs are various factors such as raw material, labour, power, land, etc, that influence the location of industries in a place.
·        Output is the finished product of utility. Processes differ depending on the end product required.

Q.8) Difference Between
Primary activity
Secondary activity
1.      Primary activities are those activities which are connected with extraction and production of natural resources.
1.      Tertiary activities provide support to the primary and secondary sectors through services.
2.      Agriculture, fishing, garthering are good examples of primary activities.
2.      Transport trade, banking, trade and insurance are examples of tertiary activities.

2.
Cottage industry
Small scale industry
1.      Cottage industries are usually home based and smallest manufacturing units mostly found in rural areas using local raw material and very little capital.
1.      Small scale industry requires small investment on the plant and the machinery.
2.      Raw material used are wood, leather, bamboo, clay and stones, gold, silver and bronze, etc.
2.      Raw materials are obtained from outside and goods are sold through traders.
3.       It produces Kashmiri shawls, potteries, textiles, jewellery, decorative items, artefacts, food stuff etc.
3.      It produces cloth, paper, goods, toys, furniture, machine parts, electrical goods, utensils and leather goods etc.

c)
Pastoral based industry
Forest based industry
1.      These industries obtain their raw material from animals such as sheep, goats, yak and cows. Hides, skins, bones, horns, flesh and milk of animals are used as raw material to make various products such as woollen textiles, leather goods, dairy products, etc.
1.      They obtain their raw material from tress of forest such as lac, resin, honey collection by tribals, paper, carboard, furniture, sports goods, etc.

d)
Public sector
Private sector
1.      Industries owned and operated by state and its agencies
1.      Industries owned by individuals or a group of individuals.
2.      They operate for the benefit of the public rather than making profit.
2.      These are essentially run for their own profit.
3.      The prices of the products are governed by the market forces.
3.      Their prices are regulated by the government.
4.      Eg. Tata Iron and Steel, Aditya Birla Group, etc.
4.      Eg. Hindustan Aeronautics Limited (HAL), Steel  Authority of India (SAIL), Oil and Natural Gas Commission (ONGC), State bank of India (SBI)






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